25175 type s mutans strain  (ATCC)

Journal: Current Research in Microbial Sciences

Article Title: L-serine-O-sulfate alters cellular ultrastructure and mitigates the capacity of biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans UA159 via interfering with glutamate racemase

doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100427

Figure Lengend Snippet: Computational and experimental analysis of LSOS-MurI interaction. (a) Amino acid sequence alignment of S. mutans MurI and S. pyogenes MurI across 264 residues. Key pocket residues Ser11, Thr75, and Thr117 are highlighted in red boxes. Alignment color intensity reflects sequence similarity, with deeper purple indicating higher conservation. (b) Structural visualization of S. pyogenes MurI (PDB ID: 2OHV ) in complex with γ−2-naphthylmethyl- d -glutamate. Gray dashed lines represent hydrophobic interactions, yellow dashed lines indicate π-π stacking interactions, and blue solid lines denote hydrogen bonds interactions. (c) Docking interaction diagram of S. mutans MurI with LSOS. Yellow dashed lines indicate π-π stacking interactions, and blue solid lines represent hydrogen bond interactions. (d) Structural superposition of S. mutans MurI (blue) and S. pyogenes MurI (pink). γ−2-naphthylmethyl- d -glutamate is shown in yellow, and LSOS is shown in cyan. (e) Docking interaction diagram of S. mutans MurI with l -glutamate. Blue solid lines represent hydrogen bond interactions. (f) Docking interaction diagram of S. mutans MurI with d -glutamate. Blue solid lines represent hydrogen bond interactions. (g) Structural comparison of LSOS (right) with natural substrates l -glutamate (left) and d -glutamate (middle). (h) Circular dichroism spectra of MurI (6.25 μg/mL in 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.8) after 2-hour pre-incubation with LSOS, using 5 mM l -glutamate as substrate. Based on standard CD principles, L/D-glutamate are expected to exhibit positive (L) and negative (D) ellipticity near 200–205 nm . LSOS, similar to L‑serine, is likely to show a positive band . Colored lines represent LSOS concentrations: green (0 mM), orange (1 mM), blue (2 mM), and red (5 mM). The red arrow indicates reduced ellipticity at 200–205 nm.

Article Snippet: S. mutans UA159 wild-type strain (ATCC cat no 700,610) was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) under anaerobic conditions (85 % N 2 , 5 % CO 2 , 10 % H 2 ) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Sequencing, Comparison, Circular Dichroism, Incubation

Journal: Current Research in Microbial Sciences

Article Title: L-serine-O-sulfate alters cellular ultrastructure and mitigates the capacity of biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans UA159 via interfering with glutamate racemase

doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100427

Figure Lengend Snippet: LSOS impairs growth and induces cytoplasmic vacuolization in S. mutans UA159. (a) Growth curves of S. mutans UA159 under LSOS treatment ( n = 3). (b) Doubling time calculations from exponential growth phases. (c) Representative TEM images (× 59,000): top-left: untreated control; top-right: 2.5 mM LSOS (red stars indicate membrane blebs); bottom-left: 5.0 mM LSOS (arrows indicate cell lysis); bottom-right: penicillin control (0.04 μg/ml). Scale bars: 200 nm. (d) Violin plot of bleb-containing cells per field ( n = 10 images). * p -value compares 2.5 vs 5.0 mM groups.

Article Snippet: S. mutans UA159 wild-type strain (ATCC cat no 700,610) was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) under anaerobic conditions (85 % N 2 , 5 % CO 2 , 10 % H 2 ) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Control, Membrane, Lysis

Journal: Current Research in Microbial Sciences

Article Title: L-serine-O-sulfate alters cellular ultrastructure and mitigates the capacity of biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans UA159 via interfering with glutamate racemase

doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100427

Figure Lengend Snippet: LSOS impairs biofilm formation and extracellular matrix organization in S. mutans UA159. (a) CLSM images (20 ×) of 24-h biofilms: Viable bacteria (green), α-glucans (red), β-glucans (blue). Scale bar: 100 μm. (b) COMSTAT 2 quantification of bio-volume (left axis) and average thickness (right axis). Data: mean ± SD ( n = 3). (c) Left: Crystal violet absorbance at OD595nm; Right: Estimation plot of mean differences. Data: mean ± SD ( n = 3). (d) SEM micrographs (500 ×): untreated (left) vs 2.5 mM LSOS-treated (right) biofilms. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Article Snippet: S. mutans UA159 wild-type strain (ATCC cat no 700,610) was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) under anaerobic conditions (85 % N 2 , 5 % CO 2 , 10 % H 2 ) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Anti-Microbial Effect of AgBr-NP@CTMAB on Streptococcus Mutans and Assessment of Surface Roughness Hardness and Flexural Strength of PMMA

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S436613

Figure Lengend Snippet: Growth curves of S. mutans by different concentrations of AgBr-NP@CTMAB.

Article Snippet: S. mutans standard strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25175, friendly provided by Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China), was applied as reference.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Anti-Microbial Effect of AgBr-NP@CTMAB on Streptococcus Mutans and Assessment of Surface Roughness Hardness and Flexural Strength of PMMA

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S436613

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photographs of the zone of inhibition against S.mutans by AgBr-NP@CTMAB.

Article Snippet: S. mutans standard strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25175, friendly provided by Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China), was applied as reference.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Anti-Microbial Effect of AgBr-NP@CTMAB on Streptococcus Mutans and Assessment of Surface Roughness Hardness and Flexural Strength of PMMA

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S436613

Figure Lengend Snippet: Results of crystalline violet staining for the effect of different solutions on biofilm formation of S. mutans.

Article Snippet: S. mutans standard strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25175, friendly provided by Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China), was applied as reference.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: SMU_1361c regulates the oxidative stress response of Streptococcus mutans

doi: 10.1128/aem.01871-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of smu_1361c on the growth, biofilm formation, and oxidative tolerance of S. mutans. (A) Growth characteristics of UA159, UA159/pDL278, UA159/pDL278-1361c, and UA159 Δ1361c. Bacteria were grown aerobically at 37°C, and OD600nm was monitored at 30-min intervals for 12 h. (B) The biofilm biomass was determined using crystal violet staining assay when bacteria were cultured in BHIS under aerobic conditions for 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. The exponential cultures of UA159, UA159/pDL278, UA159/pDL278-1361c, and UA159 Δ1361c were exposed to oxidative stress with 0.2% (66.05 mM) hydrogen peroxide for 0, 20, 40, and 60 min, respectively, which were serially diluted and cultured on the BHI agar plates. The representative pictures of the hydrogen peroxide challenge are shown (C), colony-forming units were counted, and percent survivals of different strains were calculated relative to the control sample UA159 (D). The plates were overlaid with soft agar containing UA159, UA159/pDL278, UA159/pDL278-1361c, and UA159 Δ1361c and challenged with filter discs soaked with 0, 20, 40, and 60 mM hydrogen peroxide. The representative plates are shown to demonstrate the differences in inhibition zones (E), which are measured at three different positions and averaged to serve as a single data point, and the ratio of inhibition zone to disc diameter was calculated (F). Each experiment was repeated at least thrice. Results are presented as mean ± SD (*P < 0.05 or ***P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: TABLE 1 Strains or plasmids Description Source S. mutans UA159 Wild-type strain ATCC 700610 UA159/pDL278 UA159 pDL278; Spe r This study UA159/pDL278 -1361c UA159/pDL278 -1361c; Spe r This study UA159 Δ 1361c UA159 Δ 1361c ; Em s ; p -Cl-Phe r This study S. gordonii S. gordonii Wild-type strain DL1 S. sanguinis S. sanguinis Wild-type strain SK36 E. coli DH5α F- φ80dlacZΔM15 Δ(lacZYA-argF)U169 deoR recA1 endA1 hsdR17 Laboratory stock (rk−, mk+) phoA supE44 λ- thi-1 gyrA96 relA1 BL21(DE3) F-ompT hsdS B(rB-mB-)dcm gal (DE3) Novagen Plasmids pET28a Kan r expression vector with the 6His-tag coding sequence Novagen pET 1361c pET derivative for expression 6His-1361c This study pDL278 E. coli-Streptococcus shuttle vector (Spe r ) ( 52 ) pDL278 -1361c pDL278 derivative for overexpression of smu_1361c in S. mutans This study Open in a separate window Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.

Techniques: Bacteria, Staining, Cell Culture, Control, Inhibition

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: SMU_1361c regulates the oxidative stress response of Streptococcus mutans

doi: 10.1128/aem.01871-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of smu_1361c on interspecies competition within the three-species biofilms. S. mutans and its derivatives, S. gordonii, and S. sanguinis were simultaneously cultured in fresh BHIS (A and B) or supplemented with 3 mg/mL catalase (C and D) under aerobic conditions for 24 h and labeled by species-specific FISH probes. The three-dimensional visualization of three-species biofilms with S. mutans (green), S. gordonii (blue), and S. sanguinis (red) was captured using the confocal laser scanning microscopy at 60× magnification and reconstructed using the IMARIS 7.0.0 (A and C). The ratio of S. mutans/S. gordonii/S. sanguinis was quantified by the coverage area of each species with Image Pro Plus 6.0 (B and D). The representative images are shown from at least five randomly selected positions of each sample. Results are presented as mean ± SD (*P < 0.05 or ****P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: TABLE 1 Strains or plasmids Description Source S. mutans UA159 Wild-type strain ATCC 700610 UA159/pDL278 UA159 pDL278; Spe r This study UA159/pDL278 -1361c UA159/pDL278 -1361c; Spe r This study UA159 Δ 1361c UA159 Δ 1361c ; Em s ; p -Cl-Phe r This study S. gordonii S. gordonii Wild-type strain DL1 S. sanguinis S. sanguinis Wild-type strain SK36 E. coli DH5α F- φ80dlacZΔM15 Δ(lacZYA-argF)U169 deoR recA1 endA1 hsdR17 Laboratory stock (rk−, mk+) phoA supE44 λ- thi-1 gyrA96 relA1 BL21(DE3) F-ompT hsdS B(rB-mB-)dcm gal (DE3) Novagen Plasmids pET28a Kan r expression vector with the 6His-tag coding sequence Novagen pET 1361c pET derivative for expression 6His-1361c This study pDL278 E. coli-Streptococcus shuttle vector (Spe r ) ( 52 ) pDL278 -1361c pDL278 derivative for overexpression of smu_1361c in S. mutans This study Open in a separate window Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Labeling, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: SMU_1361c regulates the oxidative stress response of Streptococcus mutans

doi: 10.1128/aem.01871-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptomics analysis of UA159/pDL278 and UA159/pDL278-1361c strains. (A) Functional classification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed based on the clusters of orthologous groups type. (B) The volcano plot illustrates DEGs between UA159/pDL278 and UA159/pDL278-1361c. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, C) and Gene Ontology (GO, D) databases. Downregulated genes are shown in green. (E) Genetic organization of gene clusters that were significantly downregulated in UA159/pDL278-1361c.

Article Snippet: TABLE 1 Strains or plasmids Description Source S. mutans UA159 Wild-type strain ATCC 700610 UA159/pDL278 UA159 pDL278; Spe r This study UA159/pDL278 -1361c UA159/pDL278 -1361c; Spe r This study UA159 Δ 1361c UA159 Δ 1361c ; Em s ; p -Cl-Phe r This study S. gordonii S. gordonii Wild-type strain DL1 S. sanguinis S. sanguinis Wild-type strain SK36 E. coli DH5α F- φ80dlacZΔM15 Δ(lacZYA-argF)U169 deoR recA1 endA1 hsdR17 Laboratory stock (rk−, mk+) phoA supE44 λ- thi-1 gyrA96 relA1 BL21(DE3) F-ompT hsdS B(rB-mB-)dcm gal (DE3) Novagen Plasmids pET28a Kan r expression vector with the 6His-tag coding sequence Novagen pET 1361c pET derivative for expression 6His-1361c This study pDL278 E. coli-Streptococcus shuttle vector (Spe r ) ( 52 ) pDL278 -1361c pDL278 derivative for overexpression of smu_1361c in S. mutans This study Open in a separate window Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: SMU_1361c regulates the oxidative stress response of Streptococcus mutans

doi: 10.1128/aem.01871-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study

Article Snippet: TABLE 1 Strains or plasmids Description Source S. mutans UA159 Wild-type strain ATCC 700610 UA159/pDL278 UA159 pDL278; Spe r This study UA159/pDL278 -1361c UA159/pDL278 -1361c; Spe r This study UA159 Δ 1361c UA159 Δ 1361c ; Em s ; p -Cl-Phe r This study S. gordonii S. gordonii Wild-type strain DL1 S. sanguinis S. sanguinis Wild-type strain SK36 E. coli DH5α F- φ80dlacZΔM15 Δ(lacZYA-argF)U169 deoR recA1 endA1 hsdR17 Laboratory stock (rk−, mk+) phoA supE44 λ- thi-1 gyrA96 relA1 BL21(DE3) F-ompT hsdS B(rB-mB-)dcm gal (DE3) Novagen Plasmids pET28a Kan r expression vector with the 6His-tag coding sequence Novagen pET 1361c pET derivative for expression 6His-1361c This study pDL278 E. coli-Streptococcus shuttle vector (Spe r ) ( 52 ) pDL278 -1361c pDL278 derivative for overexpression of smu_1361c in S. mutans This study Open in a separate window Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.

Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing, Over Expression